Cpr Essays - Emergency Medical Services, First Aid,

Cpr I'm sure all of you have heard of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, better known as CPR. I'm going to go over the steps of infant, child, and adult CPR. If you don't know how to perform CPR, I hope this will give you a good understanding of it and if you already know how to perform CPR, I hope this will be a good refresher. I will begin with infant CPR. This would be used on a child who is less than one year old. The first step is to determine if the infant is responsive. Shout and gently tap the child on the shoulder. If there is no response, position the infant on his or her back. The next step is to open the airway. This is done by placing the heel of one hand gently on the forehead and lifting the chin up with the other hand. After the head is positioned, check for any breathing. If the infant is not breathing, cover the baby's mouth and nose with your mouth and give two small gentle breaths. Each breath should be 1.5 to 2 seconds long. You should see the infant's chest rise with each breath. After the first two breaths, check for a pulse. On an infant, this can be most easily found near their armpit. If no pulse is found, chest compression's should be started. Position your index and middle fingers in the center of the chest an inch below the nipples. Give five gentle compression's, pressing down one-half to one inch, at the rate of 100 per minute. Repeat with one breath and five compression's. After one minute of repeated cycles, call 911 and then return to the victim. If you feel a pulse return, discontinue chest compression's and give one breath every three seconds. Next I will discuss adult CPR. First you should check for responsiveness. If there is no response, their airway should be opened. You should then look, listen, and feel for any breathing. If there is no breath, pinch the nose closed, cover the mouth with yours and blow until you see the chest rise. After the first initial breath, call 911 and then return to the victim. Check the victim for a pulse. On an adult, the pulse can be found be placing your index and middle fingers in the center of their neck and then sliding them down around the side. If there is no pulse give two breaths, each taking two seconds and give fifteen chest compression's. Compression's should be given using the heel of one hand and the other hand on top of the first hand. Push down on the chest one and one-half to two inches, right between the nipples, at the rate of 100 times per minute. Continue with two breaths and fifteen compression's until help arrives or you are no longer able to continue. CPR for children is similar to adult CPR. This CPR would be used on a child between the ages of one and eight. There are, however, four differences. The first difference is that if you are alone with the child, give one minute of CPR before calling 911. Instead of using both hands, use only the heel of one hand. The sternum should be pressed down only one to one and one-half inches instead of the one and one-half to two inches used for an adult. The final difference is the ratio of breaths to compression's. In a child, one full breath should be given followed by five chest compression's. Although it may all seem hard to remember, the ABC's of CPR have helped many people. The A meaning airway, which needs to be opened and cleared of any debris. The 2 B stands for breath. You need to check to see if they are breathing and give a breath if they are not. The C is short for circulation. You need to check for a pulse to determine if chest compression's are needed. If someone is not breathing, but has a pulse, only breaths need to be given. While some of the steps differ between infant, child, and adult CPR, the ABC's should help you recall the steps needed. I hope I have given you a better understanding of how to administer CPR. Attending a class where true-to-life dolls can be practiced on is the best way to learn. CPR is a good resource to have that you hopefully never have to use. Medicine

Reflections of the past and hopes for the future Essay Example

Reflections of the past and hopes for the future Essay Example Reflections of the past and hopes for the future Paper Reflections of the past and hopes for the future Paper Reflections of the past and hopes for the future BY Shattuck Reflections of the Past and Hopes for the Future- 2013 Reflecting back on my year, I have had many ups and downs. We should accept the fact that life doesnt always go on the way we plan. Life can surprise you. It can make you cry. And eventually it will put a smile on your face after all the stormy moments. My reflections of myself were not really what I had hoped they would be. I really had to tell myself to stop looking at the things I do so negatively , and turn my thoughts into positive ones. Here are some of my negative thoughts. I feel that I could have worked harder and achieved my academic targets. However, I am not as motivated towards studying as I wish to be. Its a weak link that I cannot stay focused on one thing for too long. So, my to do list is always a never ending to do list. I feel that I have so many aspirations for myself. However, I dont know how and where to start. I still cant figure out what I want to do with my life, what kind off person I want to be as I grow up. At least, Im trying to get my life more organized, one small step at a time. I have started to realize my duty towards my family and my Job. I have got over my childish acts. Its time that I grew up. Talking about my Job, I have become more aware of my responsibilities. Last year has been a pretty good year for me academically although I havent achieved all of my goals. I have attempted to get a good result In Eleven and I have been selected among the National Top Ten achievers. Moreover, I had traveled to Add and Male. I love traveling, so, It was both a very exciting experience for me. Now that 2013 Is upon us, I have more goals to meet. First of all, I want my course to be a success. I hope that It can help me In building up my career. I want to intention my Job as I dont want to depend on anyone. I want to stand up on my own feet and become a successful person. I want to be able to fulfill all my responsibilities more than I do now. Moreover, I want to Improve my leadership skills as I dont want anyone to point at me saying, even though I am well educated, I am still weak In that department. I also need to Improve my self-confidence and change the way how I see myself. Instead of saying no to things, I want to be able to stand up to the challenges of life and face them courageously. Regardless of what Is happening, the ups and downs of life will continue to reveal. Next time I hit a down time, I am going to focus on what can be learned, and trust myself that It Is the best thing that could happen to me right now, and know with certainty that the up time Is Just around the corner. Start. I still cant figure out what I want to do with my life, what kind off person I want havent achieved all of my goals. I have attempted to get good result in Eleven and I to Add and Male. I love traveling, so, it was both a very exciting experience for me. Now that 2013 is upon us, I have more goals to meet. First of all, I want my course to be a success. I hope that It can help me in building up my career. I want to feet and become a successful person. I want to be able to fulfill all my responsibilities more than I do now. Moreover, I want to improve my leadership skills as I dont want anyone to point at me saying, even though I am well educated, I am still weak in that department. I also need to improve my self-confidence and change the way how I see Regardless of what is happening, the ups and downs of life will continue to trust myself that it is the best thing that could happen to me right now, and know with certainty that the up time is Just around the corner.

Cather, Death Comes for the Archbishop Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cather, Death Comes for the Archbishop - Essay Example Latour in an attempt to revive the integrity of churches strives hard whereas the priest is corrupting the lands of Mexico with his greed for materialism. Religious revival has been pointed out by Cather in the story which co-relates to the current environment of the society. Cather tells as to how religion can bring out a change in the whole society if people have the right belief in it. Such a belief is lost from religions nowadays and it can be seen that greed is prevailing like that of the priest. The importance of religion in the book is conveyed to Latour by Valiant in these words ‘To me, that is the situation in a parable. The Faith, in the wild frontier, is like a buried treasure; they guard it, but they do not know how to use it to their souls salvation. A word, a prayer, a service, is all that is needed to set free those souls in bondage’. This clearly shows that religion can lead to salvation and if an individual is not practicing salvation then this may lead to destruction. Such a condition is prevailing in this world when we see that religious traditions are being ignored all over. Cather gives an account of Latour as to how his revival is successful in bringing glory to the lands of Mexico. A response to religion as shown by Cather has to be followed in this world to bring glory back. Belief is a very important aspect as laid down in the book. The condition of Mexico at one time seemed irreparable but as time passed by Latour grabbed the necessities through which he could bring back salvation to the society. It was through his struggle that this salvation was brought back in the society. Such strength and determination is required by the religious entities in this world today through which they can bring back the glory to this world. Greed is shown to be a destructive factor by Cather and it can only be overcome if struggle religious traditions are followed. Religion has been greatly emphasized in the story and this gives a platform to

International Business Operation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Business Operation - Assignment Example The company has to consider factors ranging from assignee traits, role and preparations before sending out expatriates. Some of these are as discussed below; York (2010) acknowledges that extroverts are people who easily build relationships and socialize with new staff and stakeholders quickly. Cultural Sensitivity; similarly, the company should shortlist only those managers who portray ethnic diversity. According to Treven, (2003) individuals who have had firsthand experience with ethnic diversity usually adapt faster in international cultures unlike those unfamiliar with the same. The company is thus required to consider candidates with ethnically diverse origins. Such individuals may be those whose parents are immigrants. Adventurous; Adventurous individuals are the best candidates for expatriate assignments (Li 2016). This means that they should have a positive record of adventurous behavior upon their sleeves. Thomas, Peterson & Thomas (2014) further concur that individuals with profound interest in experiencing and socializing with new people tend to adapt easily in offshore environments than forlorn characters. For example, managers who have regularly travelled overseas should be given first priority. They must have also participated in activities involving sporting groups, community development and volunteer work.

Great West Casualty V. Estate of G. Witherspoon Case Study - 1

Great West Casualty V. Estate of G. Witherspoon - Case Study Example Gertie Witherspoon was on her way to work on July 1 1998 at 4:30 AM when one of her tires on her automobile blew out and the car careened into a roadside ditch. With her car disabled, Witherspoon decided to walk along US route 71 near Adrian Missouri. Still shaken from the accident, Witherspoon attempted to cross the highway to reach for help. At that moment, two trailers, each moving at a speed of 70miles side by side spotted the small figure as she crossed the highway. The truck drivers tried stopping the vehicle but could not avoid hitting her and she died on the scene. In the weeks following the incidents, Mrs. Lang, the only daughter to Mrs. Witherspoon sought more information on the death of her mother. However, all she got was indifferent information from the highway patrol and the owner of the truck company. Frustrated, Lang rang the adjuster at Great West Casualty to ask for more information regarding the case. However, according to the adjuster, there was no fault on the pa rt of their client, Vernon County Grain and Supply. The adjuster pronounced the case closed prompting Lang to seek out help from an attorney. Believing that the family was preparing to sue the company, the claims representative at Great West Casualty filed a suit on behalf of the company against the estate of Mrs. Witherspoon. Five months later, Mrs. Lang received notice of a legal suit filed against her family for damages on the truck that hit her mother.

The Banking Sector Reforms In India Finance Essay

The Banking Sector Reforms In India Finance Essay The banking sector reforms in India are aimed at introduction of best international practices and technological changes for making the Indian banking sector competitive globally. The Indian banking system is more efficient and stable today. Consequently there has been a rapid increase in the number of banks in this country. The banking horizon is changing because of the increasing number of private banks and the foreign banks. Apparently there is a cut throat competition between the banks. New and variety of services are offered by banks which are non-conventional and customized as per the customer requirements. Banks began to diversify their services as part of their corporate strategy to cater to various customer segments. Structure of banking in India The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non-scheduled banks. The scheduled banks are then classified as state cooperatives banks and commercial banks. The non-scheduled banks are classified as central cooperative banks and primary credit societies and the commercial banks. Commercial banks are classified in both the scheduled banks as well as the non-scheduled banks. Schedule banks are those which are included in the SECOND SCHEDULE of BANKING REGULATION ACT 1956. To be included in the second schedule a bank Must have paid up capital and reserves of not less than Rs 5 lakhs. It must also satisfy the RBI that its affairs are not conducted in a manner detrimental to the interest of its depositors. File:Scheduled banking structure in India.png RBI(Reserve Bank of India) is the central bank of the country. As the central bank of the country RBI has the power to supervise and control all the banks with the intensions of developing a sound and efficient banking system. It also performs many different developmental and promotional functions. The functions of RBI are as followed: Note issue Bankers bank The central bank Banker to the government Custodian to Foreign Exchange Reserves Management regulation of exchange Credit control Other functions. The Indian banking system has witnessed a substantial improvement in both stability and efficiency parameters such as capital position, asset quality, and overall profitability. There has been a remarkable improvement in the financial health of commercial banking sector. The banking sector reforms have improved the stability of the Indian financial system. PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN INDIA Indicators The performance and the efficiency is analysed in terms of profitability, productivity, financial stability, and quality of assets. The following indicators are used: Profitability indicators: It is measured in terms of net profit of the bank. The interest, non-interest income, and the expenses influence the net profit. Some of the important indicators of profitability are as follows: Interest income as percentage of total assets: Interest income Total assets Higher ratio indicates higher profitability. Interest expended ratio: Interest expenses Total assets Fall in ratio improves the profitability Net Interest Margin(NIM): interest income à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ interest expenses Total assets A fall in NIM indicates the need to reorient the banks policies. Intermediation Cost of Assets Ratio (ICAR): Non-interest expenses Total assets Lower the ratio higher the efficiency. Overhead Efficiency(Burden)Ratio: Non-interest income Non-interest expenses Higher ratio indicates lower profitability. Returns on Assets(RoA): Net profit Total Assets High RoA indicates better deployment of funds. Return on Equity(RoE): Net profit Total Equity RoE will help the banks to access new capital. Capital markets indicators: The capital market indicator is based on the EPS and P/E ratio. Productivity Indicators: productivity indicators are generally analysed in terms of: Profits per employee Business per employee Financial Soundness: Financial soundness is reflected by the Capital Adequacy Ratio. CAR: Total capital RWAs RWAs: Risk Weighted Assets Higher the ratio better is the sustenance of the banks. Asset Quality: The quality of assets in the bank is shown by the level of non-performing assets (NPAs). Lower the ratio better is the asset quality. The 2 ratios used are: Ratio of gross NPAs to gross advances. Ratio of net NPAs to net advances. 11 The above graph has the data of the gross NPAs of the banks. The X axis depicts the years and the Y axis depicts the percentage. The red dotted line is for the Gross NPAs and the blue dotted line is for the Gross advances. Looking at the graph we can confidently state that the Gross NPAs are increasing whereas the Gross advances are decreasing since 2010-11. PERORMANCE OF PUBLIC SECTOR BANKS, NEW PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS, AND FOREIGN BANKS IN INDIA The comparative performance of public sector banks, new private sector banks, and foreign banks is explained below for the recent years http://stockshastra.moneyworks4me.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Indian-Banking-Industry-Statistics.png Productivity and profitability of banks: Productivity is directly related to profitability. It is analysed in terms of business per employee and business per branch. Business per employee: The business per employee in the public sector banks has increased from Rs 471.18 lakhs in 2006-07 to Rs1013.63 lakhs in 2011-12. But is still low as compared to foreign banks. The business per employee for foreign banks has showed a tremendous increase from Rs974.77 lakhs in 2006-07 to Rs1559.74 lakhs in 2011-12. The business per employee for the private banks has also increased from Rs695.23 lakhs in 2006-07 to Rs823.26 lakhs in 2011-12. Profit per employee: The profits per employee are the highest in foreign banks followed by new private sector banks in 2011-12. Per employee profit was Rs 16.3 lakhs in foreign bank, Rs 8.1 lakhs in new private sector banks and Rs 5.93 lakhs in public sector banks in 2011-12. Interest income: The interest income of public sector banks, new private sector banks and foreign banks showed an increase to Rs366318, Rs 96827 and Rs 28520 respectively in 2011-12. Interest expended ratio: The interest expended ratio same as interest income has showed an increase for all the banks in 2011-12. The figures are Rs231153 lakhs, Rs57115 lakhs, Rs10622 lakhs. Financial Soundness: The CAR(Capital Adequacy Ratio) is the most important indicator of financial soundness of banks. The capital to risk weighted assets ratio is shown is the figure below. The CRAR of public sector banks has been between 12 and 15 percent. The old private sector had CRAR lying between 12 and 15 percent. The new private sector had CRAR of more 15 percent. It goes the same with the foreign banks for the year ending in March 2012. 9 Asset Quality: the asset quality of a bank is shown by level of non-performing assets (NPAs). Better quality of assets is the indicator of efficiency. There is a vast improvement in the efficiency of Indian banks. B1 The NPAs as percentage of Average Total Assets are increasing marginally in 2011-12. The NPA of foreign banks rose from 0.8 in 2009-10 to 1.4 in 2010-11 to 1.6 in 2011-12. The new private sector banks showed an increase from 1.1 in 2009-10 to 1.2 in 2010-11 to 1.3 in 2011-12 approximately. The old private sector banks has shown an increase but less as compared to the other banks. The national banks have shown a gradual decrease in the NPAs since 2009-10 to 2011-12. Customer services: In order to ease customer access to banking facilities, Indian banks have begun offering bouquet of financial services to their clients. The number of branches proving CORE BANKING SOLUTION (CBS) is increasing tremendously. Under CBS a number of services are provided such as ANYWHERE BANKING. The number branches of PSBs that have implemented CBS increase from 35464 in March 31, 2008 to 46304 in March 31, 2011. ATMs The banks are providing more and more ATM facilities to the customers. The foreign banks and new private sector banks are the larger contributors in this. http://www.isrj.net/PublishArticles/img/306_2.gif The above graph is for the year 2008-09. The highest number of ATMs is provided by the state banks but on-site. The highest number of ATMs provided off-site is by the foreign banks. NEW TECHNOLOGY IN BANKING The banks in India are using Information Technology (IT) not only to improve their own internal process but also to increase the facilities and services to their customers. Computerization has taken place all over India. The only motive is to bring banking at the fingertips of the customers and employees. THE DIFFERENT FACILITIES PROVIDED ARE: Virtual banking ATMS Debit Cards Credit cards Point of Sales(PoS) Door step banking Internet banking Mobile banking Telebanking Phone banking Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) Electronic Clearing Services (ECS) Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS) REFRENCING http://ebookbrowse.com/t-y-b-com-paper-iii-business-economics-eng-pdf-d419151576 http://etheses.saurashtrauniversity.edu/54/ http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/e/Economy_of_India.htm https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=vq=cache:QUJlL6E5-TAJ:ijimt.org/papers/140-M582.pdf+hl=engl=ukpid=blsrcid=ADGEESjYSzZ1KSelInYi2gBvlRjTk0WyxRsdcYOCBvBaopI7N3pzl8naPA62sFiG0tfzK2x-ZKiVFyysLZhluPTr3O5WorzEXuj_Sn-X6CV1dQ8dqEo1UDv64oMzU7s_i2pw0XNURAnasig=AHIEtbRvIWrXt8CCpGACZrevqopfbX1i4Q http://stockshastra.moneyworks4me.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Indian-Banking-Industry-Statistics.png http://www.indiainbusiness.nic.in/studies_survey/banking_systemsurvey.pdf http://www.theinternationaljournal.org/ojs/index.php?journal=rjcbspage=articleop=viewpath[]=488 http://www.icra.in/Files/ticker/Indian%20Banks-Note%28Revised%29.pdf http://www.icra.in/Files/ticker/IBS%20-%20FY11%20Perf.pdf http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/PublicationsView.aspx?id=14629 Business Economics 3 by Johnson, Mascarenhas, and Chatterjee. The institute of chartered accountancy (India) http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?hl=ensa=Xtbo=dbiw=1366bih=630tbm=ischtbnid=-qRyMTq-g80w5M:imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banking_in_Indiadocid=RGeL8hvEN_HioMimgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/NUMBER_OF_ATM.png/220px-NUMBER_OF_ATM.pngw=220h=169ei=xBvwUKiVCpS20QWhmoHYAgzoom=1iact=hcvpx=859vpy=12dur=180hovh=135hovw=176tx=61ty=46sig=115207852604614094774page=4tbnh=135tbnw=176start=72ndsp=25ved=1t:429,r:76,s:0,i:316

Iraq: Past, Present, Future Essay -- Essays Papers

Iraq: Past, Present, Future Imagine you are back in time, in a land where water flows, date palms flourish and people abound. The part of the globe which the Greeks called Mesopotamia and we call†¦Iraq. In my paper, instead of focusing primarily on the impending war with Iraq, I will focus on why we are continually in a conflict with Iraq (and other Middle Eastern countries) through investigating the past, present and future of Iraq’s history. It is highly interesting how because of the US’ dealings with Iraq that have stretched back for the last twenty or thirty years, many people in this country have flawed senses of the rich history actually present in the region. Mesopotamia, or the fertile crescent, which housed some of the oldest civilizations known to man, has been all but forgotten about by western society, and the greatness and cultural fluidity that once persisted there has been forgotten almost entirely in this age of arbitrary borders and divisive politics. With the partitioning of Turkey at the conclusion of WWI, the middle east was segmented arbitrarily which led to political unrest in the region. Because of this unrest, there has continually been the apparent need and desire (on the part of the western powers, especially the United States) to intervene in the Middle East and especially Iraq. This is how one can explain the current situation we are in and have been in with Iraq for at least twenty years. When leadership is despotic, and these arbitrary border lines are crossed or disrespected, our government usually decides to intervene (especially if oil money is at stake) These interventions are simply patch-up solutions to what is a much larger problem: instability caused by arbitrary borde... ...Life Video and Television. Alexandria, Va. : Time-Life Video and Television (distributor), 1995. 11. Goffman, Daniel. The Ottoman Empire and Early Modern Europe. New York : Cambridge University Press, 2002. 12. Mackey, Sandra. The Reckoning : Iraq and the Legacy of Saddam Hussein. 1st ed. New York : Norton, 2002. 13. Malam, John. Mesopotamia and the fertile crescent, 10,000 to 539 B.C. Austin, Tex. : Raintree Steck-Vaughn, 1999. 14. Tripp, Charles. A History of Iraq. 2nd ed. New York : Cambridge University Press, 2002. 15. Zadok, Ran. The earliest diaspora : Israelites and Judeans in pre- Hellenistic Mesopotamia.Tel Aviv : Diaspora Research Institute, Tel Aviv University, 2002.

Term Paper Proposal on Parthenon

Paper Proposal Name of Student: Class, date & school: Subject: Tentative title: ARC 2701 – History of Architecture I On-line Class – Spring 2013 Florida International University The Parthenon, Iktinos and Kallilrates, Athens, Greece, 447 – 432 B. C. E. â€Å"The Architectural Perfection of The Parthenon† Description: The Parthenon has the reputation of being â€Å"the most perfect Doric temple ever built. † And by looking at it with the naked eye, one could most certainly agree.A closer look at the Parthenon’s structure and proportions reveals that there is not a single straight line within the temple; that small fact alone is what sparked my interest in this topic. The genius architects truly out did themselves with the clever use of optical refinements to create a structure that truly resembled perfection. This section will examine the architectural uses of entasis and the various other methods of optical trickery present in the Parthenon.T he skillful approach at these methods by the architects is responsible for the aesthetic perfection of the structure. In addition, I will explore the geometric irregularity that starts at the base, or stylobate of the structure and is a common theme carried on throughout the Parthenon. The temple begins with a foundation that is only of rectangular origin and more resembles a dome shaped floor. I will continue to explore the slight adaptions made by Iktinos and Kallikrates to further perfect the internal structure of the temple.These adaptions include small details of varying column diameter and spacing due to the positioning and lighting of the columns in reference to the structure. These minute modifications and illusions created by the architects were able to keep the Parthenon’s structure seemingly perfect regardless of the time of day, or angle the structure was being viewed from. Lastly, I will explore even more subtle features that truly awe the minds of admirers. Thes e include the specific positioning of corner columns with platforms lower to the ground than those in the middle.Along with examination of the columns out on the peristyle as they are tapered and slightly curved towards the top giving viewers an image where the columns seem thicker and swollen towards the roof, seeming as if the columns are distressed just by supporting the massive weight of the roof. These perfect imperfections and optical illusions put into place by Iktinos and Kallicrates are what make the Parthenon the pinnacle of Greek temple architecture.Bibliography: Darling, Janina K. Architecture of Greece. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 2004. Dinsmoor, William B, and William J. Anderson. The Architecture of Ancient Greece: An Account of Its Historic Development. London: Batsford, 1950. Lawrence, A W. Greek Architecture. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books, 1967. Rhodes, Robin F. Architecture and Meaning on the Athenian Acropolis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press , 1995.

High Crimes and Misdemeanors in Impeachment

High Crimes and Misdemeanors in Impeachment â€Å"High Crimes and Misdemeanors† is the rather ambiguous phrase most often cited as grounds for the impeachment of U.S. federal government officials, including the President of the United States. What are High Crimes and Misdemeanors? Background Article II, Section 4 of the U.S. Constitution provides that, â€Å"The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.† The Constitution also provides the steps of the impeachment process leading to the possible removal from office of the president, vice president, federal judges, and other federal officials. Briefly, the impeachment process is initiated in the House of Representatives and follows these steps: The House Judiciary Committee considers evidence, holds hearings, and if necessary, prepares articles of impeachment – the actual charges against the official.If a majority of the Judiciary Committee votes to approve the articles of impeachment, the full House debates and votes on them.If a simple majority of the House votes to impeach the official on any or all of the articles of impeachment, then the official must then stand trial in the Senate.If a two-thirds supermajority of the Senate votes to convict the official, the official is immediately removed from office. In addition, the Senate may also vote to forbid the official from holding any federal office in the future. While Congress has no power to impose criminal penalties, such as prison or fines, impeached and convicted officials may subsequently be tried and punished in the courts if they have committed criminal acts. The specific grounds for impeachment set by the Constitution are, â€Å"treason, bribery, and other high crimes and misdemeanors.† In order to be impeached and removed from office, the House and Senate must find that the official had committed at least one of these acts. What are Treason and Bribery? The crime of treason is clearly defined by the Constitution in Article 3, Section 3, Clause 1: Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court.†The Congress shall have Power to declare the Punishment of Treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption of Blood, or Forfeiture except during the Life of the Person attainted. In these two paragraphs, the Constitution empowers the United States Congress to specifically create the crime of treason. As a result, treason is prohibited by legislation passed by Congress as codified in the United States Code at 18 U.S.C.  § 2381, which states: Whoever, owing allegiance to the United States, levies war against them or adheres to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort within the United States or elsewhere, is guilty of treason and shall suffer death, or shall be imprisoned not less than five years and fined under this title but not less than $10,000; and shall be incapable of holding any office under the United States. The Constitution’s requirement that a conviction for treason requires the supporting testimony of two witnesses comes from the British Treason Act 1695. Bribery is not defined in the Constitution. However, bribery has long been recognized in English and American common law as an act in which a person gives any official of the government money, gifts, or services to influence that official’s behavior in office. To date, no federal official has faced impeachment based on grounds of treason. While one federal judge was impeached and removed from the bench for advocating  in favor of succession and serving as a judge for the Confederacy during the Civil War, the impeachment was based on charges of refusing to hold court as sworn, rather than treason. Only two officials- both federal judges- have faced impeachment based on charges that specifically involved bribery or accepting gifts from litigants and both were removed from office. All of the other impeachment proceedings held against all federal officials to date have been based on charges of â€Å"high crimes and misdemeanors.† What are High Crimes and Misdemeanors? The term â€Å"high crimes† is often assumed to mean â€Å"felonies.† However, felonies are major crimes, while misdemeanors are less serious crimes. So under this interpretation, â€Å"high crimes and misdemeanors† would refer to any crime, which is not the case. Where Did the Term Come From? At the Constitutional Convention in 1787, the framers of the Constitution viewed impeachment to be an essential part of the system of separation of powers providing each of the three branches of government ways to check the powers of the other branches. Impeachment, they reasoned, would give the legislative branch one means of checking the power of the executive branch. Many of the framers considered Congress’ power to impeach federal judges to be of great importance since they would be appointed for life. However, some of the framers opposed providing for the impeachment of executive branch officials, because the power of the president could be checked every four years by the American people through the electoral process. In the end, James Madison of Virginia convinced a majority of the delegates that being able to replace a president only once every four years did not adequately check the powers of a president who became physically unable to serve or abused the executive powers. As Madison argued, â€Å"loss of capacity, or corruption . . . might be fatal to the republic† if the president could be replaced only through an election. The delegates then considered the grounds for impeachment. A select committee of delegates recommended â€Å"treason or bribery† as the only grounds. However, George Mason of Virginia, feeling that bribery and treason were only two of the many ways a president could willfully harm the republic, proposed adding â€Å"maladministration† to the list of impeachable offenses. James Madison argued that â€Å"maladministration† was so vague that it might allow Congress to remove presidents based purely on a political or ideological bias. This, argued Madison, would violate the separation of powers by giving the legislative branch total power over the executive branch. George Mason agreed with Madison and proposed â€Å"high crimes and misdemeanors against the state.† In the end, the convention reached a compromise and adopted â€Å"treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors† as it appears in the Constitution today. In the Federalist Papers, Alexander Hamilton explained the concept of impeachment to the people, defining impeachable offenses as â€Å"those offences which proceed from the misconduct of public men, or in other words from the abuse or violation of some public trust. They are of a nature which may with peculiar propriety be denominated political, as they relate chiefly to injuries done immediately to the society itself.† According to the History, Arts, and Archives of the House of Representatives, impeachment proceedings against federal officials have been initiated more than 60 times since the Constitution was ratified in 1792. Of those, fewer than 20 have resulted in actual impeachment and only eight – all federal judges – have been convicted by the Senate and removed from office. The â€Å"high crimes and misdemeanors† alleged to have been  committed by the impeached judges have included using their position for financial gain, showing overt favoritism to litigants, income tax evasion, the disclosure of confidential information, unlawfully charging people with contempt of court, filing false expense reports, and habitual drunkenness. To date, only three cases of impeachment have involved presidents: Andrew  Johnson in 1868, Richard Nixon in 1974, and Bill Clinton in 1998. While none of them were convicted in the Senate and removed from office through impeachment, their cases help reveal Congress’ likely interpretation of â€Å"high crimes and misdemeanors.† Andrew Johnson As the lone U.S. Senator from a Southern state to remain loyal to the Union during the Civil War, Andrew Johnson was chosen by President Abraham Lincoln to be his vice-presidential running mate in the 1864 election. Lincoln had believed Johnson, as vice president, would help in negotiating with the South. However, shortly after taking over the presidency due to  Lincoln’s assassination in 1865, Johnson, a Democrat, ran into trouble with the Republican-dominated Congress over the Reconstruction of the South. As fast as Congress passed Reconstruction legislation, Johnson would veto it. Just as quickly, Congress would override his veto. The growing political friction came to a head when Congress, over Johnson’s veto, passed the long ago repealed Tenure of Office Act, which required the president to get the approval  of Congress to fire any executive branch appointee that had been confirmed by Congress. Never one to back down to Congress, Johnson immediately fried Republican secretary of war, Edwin Stanton. Though Stanton’s firing clearly violated the Tenure of Office Act, Johnson simply stated that the considered the act to be unconstitutional. In response, the House passed 11 articles of impeachment against Johnson as follows: Eight for violations of the Tenure of Office Act;One for using improper channels to send orders to executive branch officers;One for conspiring against Congress by publicly stating that Congress did not truly represent the Southern states; andOne for failure to enforce various provisions of the Reconstruction Acts. The Senate, however, voted on only three of the charges, finding Johnson not guilty by a single vote in each case. While the charges against Johnson are considered to have been politically motivated and not worthy of impeachment today, they serve as an example of actions that have been interpreted as â€Å"high crimes and misdemeanors.† Richard Nixon Shortly after Republican President Richard Nixon had easily won re-election to a second term in 1972, it was revealed that during the election, persons with ties to the Nixon campaign had broken into the Democratic Party national headquarters at the Watergate Hotel in Washington, D.C. While it was never proven that Nixon had known about or ordered the Watergate burglary, the famed Watergate tapes – voice recordings of Oval Office conversations – would confirm that Nixon had personally attempted to obstruct the Justice Department’s Watergate investigation. On the tapes, Nixon is heard suggesting paying the burglars â€Å"hush money† and ordering the FBI and CIA to influence the investigation in his favor. On July 27, 1974, the House Judiciary Committee passed three articles of impeachment charging Nixon with obstruction of justice, abuse of power, and contempt of Congress by his refusal to honor the committee’s requests to produce related documents. While never admitting having a role in either the burglary or the cover-up, Nixon resigned on August 8, 1974, before the full House voted on the articles of impeachment against him. â€Å"By taking this action,† he said in a televised address from the Oval Office, â€Å"I hope that I will have hastened the start of the process of healing which is so desperately needed in America.† Nixon’s vice president and successor, President Gerald Ford eventually pardoned Nixon for any crimes he may have committed while in office. Interestingly, the Judiciary Committee had refused to vote on a proposed article of impeachment charging Nixon with tax evasion because the members did not consider it to be an impeachable offense. The committee based its opinion of a special House staff report titled, Constitutional Grounds for Presidential Impeachment, which concluded, â€Å"Not all presidential misconduct is sufficient to constitute grounds for impeachment. . . . Because impeachment of a President is a grave step for the nation, it is predicated only upon conduct seriously incompatible with either the constitutional form and principles of our government or the proper performance of constitutional duties of the presidential office.† Bill Clinton First elected in 1992, President Bill Clinton was reelected in 1996. Scandal in Clinton’s administration began during his first term when the Justice Department appointed an independent counsel to investigate the president’s involvement in â€Å"Whitewater,† a failed land development investment deal that had taken place in Arkansas some 20 years earlier.   The Whitewater investigation blossomed to include scandals including Clinton’s questionable firing of members of the White House travel office, referred to as â€Å"Travelgate,† the misuse of confidential FBI records, and of course, Clinton’s infamous illicit affair with White House intern Monica Lewinsky. In 1998, a report to the House Judiciary Committee from Independent Counsel Kenneth Starr listed 11  potentially impeachable offenses, all related only to the Lewinsky scandal. The Judiciary Committee passed four articles of impeachment accusing Clinton of: Perjury in his testimony before a grand jury assembled by Starr;Providing â€Å"perjurious, false and misleading testimony† in a separate lawsuit related to the Lewinsky affair;Obstruction of justice in an attempt to â€Å"delay, impede, cover up and conceal the existence† of evidence; andAbuse and misuse of presidential powers by lying to the public, misinforming his cabinet and White House staff to gain their public support, wrongly claiming executive privilege, and refusing to respond to the committee’s questions. Legal and constitutional experts who testified at the Judiciary Committee hearing gave differing opinions of what â€Å"high crimes and misdemeanors† might be. Experts called by congressional Democrats testified that none of Clinton’s alleged acts amounted to â€Å"high crimes and misdemeanors† as envisioned by the framers of the Constitution. These experts cited Yale Law School professor Charles L. Black’s 1974 book, Impeachment: A Handbook, in which he argued that impeaching a president effectively overturns an election and thus the will of the people. As a result, Black reasoned, presidents should be impeached and removed from office only if proven guilty of â€Å"serious assaults on the integrity of the processes of government,† or for â€Å"such crimes as would so stain a president as to make his continuance in office dangerous to public order.† Black’s book cites two examples of acts that, while federal crimes, would not warrant the impeachment of a president: transporting a minor across state lines for â€Å"immoral purposes† and obstructing justice by helping a White House staff member conceal marijuana. On the other hand, experts called by congressional Republicans argued that in his acts related to the Lewinsky affair, President Clinton had violated his oath to uphold the laws and failed to faithfully carry out his duties as the government’s chief law enforcement officer. In the Senate trial, where 67 votes are required to remove an impeached official from office, only 50 Senators voted to remove Clinton on charges of obstruction of justice and only 45 Senators voted to remove him on the charge of perjury. Like Andrew Johnson a century before him, Clinton was acquitted by the Senate. Last Thoughts on ‘High Crimes and Misdemeanors’ In 1970, then-Representative Gerald Ford, who would become president after the resignation of Richard Nixon in 1974, made a notable statement about the charges of â€Å"high crimes and misdemeanors† in impeachment. After several failed attempts to convince the House to impeach a liberal Supreme Court justice, Ford stated that â€Å"an impeachable offense is whatever a majority of the House of Representatives considers it to be at a given moment in history.† Ford reasoned that â€Å"there are few fixed principles among the handful of precedents.† According to constitutional lawyers, Ford was both right and wrong. He was right in the sense that the Constitution does give the House the exclusive power to initiate impeachment. The vote of the House to issue articles of impeachment cannot be challenged in the courts. However, the Constitution does not give Congress the power to remove officials from office due to political or ideological disagreements. In order to ensure the integrity of the separation of powers, the framers of the Constitution intended that Congress should use its impeachment powers only when executive officials had committed â€Å"treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors† which substantially damaged the integrity and effectiveness of government.

Life in the Warsaw Ghetto essays

Life in the Warsaw Ghetto essays The holocaust was a tragic even in history when Jewish residents of Germany and other lands were deported into concentration camps or ghettos. One of the well known ghettos is the Warsaw Ghetto that lasted from October 1940 until June 1943 (Resnick 46). Warsaw was one of the largest ghettos with a maximum amount of prisoners there at one time of 450,000 people (Resnick 48). Many Jews were forced to live in hallways, under bridges, in pile of trash, or anywhere that they would be able to get away from the rain, snow, and cold (Warsaw 38). The ghetto was closed off by barbed wire or wooden fences and patrolled by German guards who constantly brutalized innocent people (Resnick 39). Plumbing frequently broke down and bathing was almost unheard of. Even the toilets couldnt be flushed (Resnick 40). Many of the people that lived in the ghetto died from malnutrition. In the three summer months of 1941, 85,000 prisoners died from hunger, thirst, and sickness. Out of those 85,000 prisoners that died, 20,000 were children (Resnick 46). A typhoid fever outbreak in 1940 killed 15,000 prisoners. It was calculated that the rations that were supplied didnt even cover 10 percent of the normal requirements (Warsaw 38). When the deportations began, efforts were made to establish a fighting organization, consisting of the various underground factions operating in the ghetto. The Jewish Fighting Organization; ZOB, was formed on July 28, 1942. The deportations stopped in September by which time about 300,000 Jews had been removed from the ghetto. This left the population at 55,000-60,000 in the ghetto. These survivors that were young people, left feeling isolated and bitter. Most of them blamed themselves for not offering resistance against the deportations. The prisoners now shared the same idea that under the existing circumstances their only way to freedom is fighting the German troops (Establishment of a Fighting Organization n.p.)....

Impotance of career planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Impotance of career planning - Essay Example As a function of such differing aspects of personal well being and growth, this brief analysis will consider a few of the reasons why career planning is essential to maximizing success and satisfaction in life. In order to accomplish such an analysis and/or investigation, this author will integrate with career planning based upon the following determinants: the necessity of performing career planning in order to define and differentiate what actions must be accomplished in order to direct ones path towards the ultimate goal as well as the necessity of career planning in order to maximize satisfaction. Firstly, the reader can and should integrate with an understanding of the fact that it is necessary in order for the individual to make something of a road map of future actions that must be completed in order to realize the goals they have set for themselves. One can easily take a quick glance around their local academic institution and quickly realize that a very large majority of the students within the system have not a clue or the foggiest notion with regards to how they will accomplish the goals after university. As a function of this, creating a set of metrics and milestones that will help define and guide the shareholder in the correct direction is a requirement to proper career planning (Babik 7). This is not to say that career planning is something of a concrete science that cannot be bent or changed as time goes on. Rather, it is the understanding of this author that unexpected eventualities will shift the way in which the shareholder expects to accomplish the goals that he/she has set; however, having a plan and being able to change that plan is of vital importance due to the fact that without it there is little hope that much in the way of proactive planning or thinking will be accomplished. An aspect of career planning that is often ignored is the fact that proper career planning can easily help an individual to realizes a far greater degree of satis faction than they would had they not engaged in any level of planning (Chen & Fulmer 15). This strikes at the very root of what proper career planning can effect due to the fact that this is the connection between hopes, dreams and realities. Without a clear idea in mind of the aspects of one’s career that can bring the highest level of success and personal satisfaction, the individual oftentimes finds themselves in situations that hardly resemble what they had previously imagined (Magnuson & Starr 99). This is not to say that without proper career planning the individual will necessarily find themselves in a miserable career with little to no satisfaction in the work that they are performing; rather, it merely helps to underscore the fact that without career planning the likelihood that satisfaction will be evidenced in one’s work environment is necessarily reduced (Greenhaus 4). As a function of these determinants that have been listed in this brief analysis, the rea der can come to the understanding that proper career planning is an integral component of helping to maximize personal satisfaction and success. By creating a definitive road map for how key

Hitler's non-traditional weapons of Wold War 2. I.E. other than Guns, Term Paper

Hitler's non-traditional weapons of Wold War 2. I.E. other than Guns, Planes, Tanks, Bombs, Gas and rockets - Term Paper Example Most of these were conventional weapons although some were an exaggerated show of might while others were discovered accidentally such as certain nerve gas weapons that had potential to be extremely damaging but never saw use in the war. Others still proved very effective in achieving set objectives of destruction and advancing the war in Germany’s favor. However, it was none of these conventional weapons that caused the most devastation. It was neither of them that made Hitler so feared and loathed in an equal measure. The non-traditional weapons gave Hitler an iron grip on those working under him during his reign (Welsch, 1998). Hitler was a master at using terror to intimidate as well as garner admiration from his followers. On more than one occasion he overruled and even had killed those he viewed as being disloyal to him or being incompetent for tasks assigned. For instance, during the advance of soviet troops toward Berlin, Goring, who tried to assume leadership from Hitler who was besieged in Berlin was ordered arrested and was removed from all positions in government. During the same period, Himmler was trying to negotiate terms of surrender with forces allied to the west. When Hitler discovered this, he had him arrested and had his representative Fegelein shot (Bullock, 1962). Hitlers promise of a more united and integrated society earned his admiration from his followers, but the reality was that he brokered deals with whomever he felt necessary to achieve his goals. Hitler got political mileage from the fact that he disregarded prior treaties and brokered deals that prevented him from achieving his goals (Welsch, 1998). Despite promising a united nation, he felt that other ethnic groups within Germany were enemies and were a stain on a potentially pure German race. His anti-Semitic views fuelled his policies and his hatred for the Jews led to one of World history’s worst mass killing acts to date;